A Comparison Of Wind, Solar, And Geothermal Energy Sources

The wind, solar, and geothermal energies have two important things in common. They are non-polluting and do no deplete precious Earth resources. However, there are differences in their cost-effectiveness and environmental imprint.

The wind is a byproduct of sunlight. Because of irregular terrain, water, vegetation, and the sun’s uneven warming of Earth, air currents are created. These breezes spin a wind turbine’s propeller creating kinetic energy. This can fuel machines, such as grinders, or be converted into electricity that powers our homes and businesses.

Though wind power produces no pollution, it does have an environmental effect. The turbines are responsible for the death of birds and bats that unwittingly fly into the propeller blades. The cost effectiveness of air current energy also varies with the geographical placement of turbines. Some areas of the world are breezier than others creating more power over the course of a day.

Solar panels on homes and businesses are more and more commonplace. The sun’s rays are absorbed by structures called collectors. They can provide direct energy, or it is converted into other useful types of power. For example, flat-plate collectors absorb the sun’s heat directly into a liquid, usually water. Photovoltaic cells are capable of changing sunlight immediately into electricity.

Harnessing sunlight is free from pollutants and kind to the environment. One drawback is we can only collect sunlight half the day. In colder regions, hours of sunlight diminish further. Another problem is that equipment to collect, or store light can be expensive and their production may release contaminants. It is cheaper to get electricity from the fossil fuels than the sun.

It is common knowledge that the center of the Earth is intensely hot, reaching temperatures over 9,000 degrees F. As heat travels out from the core, the mantle (Earth’s rock layer) is super-heated. The liquid rock is called magma and pools into large underground reservoirs. The reservoirs can be tapped to create electricity directly, collected as steam with direct-use equipment or geothermal pumps. This dynamic heat source is efficient, reliable, always ready to use, and leaves little imprint on the environment.

Harnessing, harvesting, and transporting the energy from renewable energies is not free, though the source is. To choose a suitable power source not only environmental concerns, but cost effectiveness and efficacy of location, must be evaluated.

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